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The pipeline doesn't care what language is inside the container, so any service that builds an image fits.\n\n**Grafana** gives dashboards over cluster and application metrics, and **Sentry** groups application errors with stack traces and release tracking. Sentry can be sentry.io or a separate self-hosted instance; self-hosting it needs a dedicated 16 GB server of its own, heavier than this whole starter cluster.\n\nThe cluster itself can be **self-managed or managed**: k3s on flat-rate servers keeps the bill lowest, while a managed control plane on a major cloud trades a monthly fee for someone else running etcd and upgrades. Either way, the team owns the pipeline, the manifests, and the platform's reliability.",[11,12,13,14,15,16],"CI\u002FCD pipelines (GitHub Actions or GitLab CI\u002FCD) for automated test, build, and deploy","Docker images built once and promoted through environments","Kubernetes rolling deployments, self-healing, and horizontal scaling","Grafana dashboards for cluster and application metrics","Sentry error tracking with alerting and release tracking","Self-managed k3s on flat-rate servers or a managed control plane on a major cloud",[18,19,20,21,22],"Engineering teams building a self-managed CI\u002FCD and deployment platform","Organizations with data-residency requirements that need infrastructure they choose","Companies reducing lock-in by running portable, standard tooling","SaaS products that need zero-downtime deployments across several services","Teams standardizing on GitOps workflows with infrastructure as code",[24,25,26,27],"Full control over the deployment pipeline with standard, portable tooling","Self-managed k3s on flat-rate servers costs a fraction of a managed cluster on the big clouds","The chosen git host unifies source control, CI\u002FCD, and container registry in one place","Kubernetes provides production-grade scaling and self-healing",[29,30,31,32],"High operational complexity: it takes DevOps experience to set up and maintain","The CI\u002FCD platform, Kubernetes, and Grafana each have their own learning curve","Self-managed clusters make platform reliability your team's job","Stateful services in the cluster need persistent volumes and a backup plan",null,{"popularity":35,"learning_curve":38,"flexibility":41,"performance":43,"portability":45},{"score":36,"reasoning":37},3,"GitHub Actions, Docker, and Kubernetes are each mainstream, but running the whole self-managed pipeline is a deliberate choice for experienced teams rather than what most projects reach for by default.",{"score":39,"reasoning":40},5,"This stack's point is a full DevOps pipeline: a CI\u002FCD engine, Docker, Kubernetes, and observability at once. Each piece has its own learning curve, and composing them into one coherent pipeline is an advanced skill, matching the stack's advanced experience-level tag.",{"score":39,"reasoning":42},"Nothing here is a fixed application framework: CI pipelines, Docker images, and Kubernetes manifests are configuration you write yourself, adaptable to any containerized workload.",{"score":39,"reasoning":44},"Kubernetes' orchestration (auto-scaling, rolling deploys, self-healing) and Docker's consistent runtime give this stack production-grade operational characteristics that a single-server deployment can't match.",{"score":39,"reasoning":46},"Every piece is standard and portable: the CI engine is swappable, Docker images run anywhere, and Kubernetes is designed to move between clouds and self-managed clusters.",{"database":48,"orm":52,"authentication":56,"analytics":60,"coding_agent":64,"llm":68,"language":72,"frontend_framework":76,"cms":80,"hosting":84,"reverse_proxy":278,"self_hosted_paas":282,"ci_cd":286},{"tools":49,"descriptions":50,"aliases":51,"see_all":33},[],{},{},{"tools":53,"descriptions":54,"aliases":55,"see_all":33},[],{},{},{"tools":57,"descriptions":58,"aliases":59,"see_all":33},[],{},{},{"tools":61,"descriptions":62,"aliases":63,"see_all":33},[],{},{},{"tools":65,"descriptions":66,"aliases":67,"see_all":33},[],{},{},{"tools":69,"descriptions":70,"aliases":71,"see_all":33},[],{},{},{"tools":73,"descriptions":74,"aliases":75,"see_all":33},[],{},{},{"tools":77,"descriptions":78,"aliases":79,"see_all":33},[],{},{},{"tools":81,"descriptions":82,"aliases":83,"see_all":33},[],{},{},{"tools":85,"descriptions":268,"aliases":274,"see_all":275},[86,131,180,214,243],{"tool_id":87,"name":88,"slug":89,"tooltip_description":90,"logo_url":91,"logo_bg":92,"pricing_model":93,"learning_curve_score":97,"popularity_score":36,"hosting_assignment_type":33,"hosting_provider_restriction":98,"hosting_target_restriction":98,"hosting_compatible_tool_ids":33,"parent_tool_id":33,"category":99,"subcategory":102,"categories":106,"subcategories":109,"flexibility_score":36,"performance_score":111,"portability_score":111,"is_featured":112,"tags":113,"score_reasonings":123,"published_date":129,"last_updated_date":130},52,"Hetzner","hetzner","German cloud and dedicated server provider offering VPS, bare-metal servers, and storage at prices far below the big clouds, with data centers in the EU, the US, and Singapore.","https:\u002F\u002Fassets.tekyous.dev\u002Flogos\u002Ftools\u002Fhetzner.svg","white",{"slug":94,"display_name":95,"description":96},"paid","Paid","No meaningful free tier — a subscription or one-time purchase is required to use the tool.",2,"open",{"category_id":39,"name":100,"slug":101},"Hosting & Cloud","hosting-cloud",{"subcategory_id":103,"name":104,"slug":105},42,"VPS & Servers","vps-and-servers",[107],{"category_id":39,"name":100,"slug":101,"is_primary":3,"display_order":108},0,[110],{"subcategory_id":103,"name":104,"slug":105,"category_id":39,"is_primary":3,"display_order":108},4,false,[114,119],{"tag_id":115,"name":116,"slug":117,"tag_type":118},12,"Self-hostable","self-hostable","feature",{"tag_id":120,"name":121,"slug":122,"tag_type":118},21,"Multi-region","multi-region",{"learning_curve":124,"flexibility":125,"performance":126,"portability":127,"popularity":128},"Standard VPS setup; any developer comfortable with Linux can deploy in an afternoon.","Standard VPS; configure anything on Linux; no managed abstraction layer constraining choices.","Competitive hardware at low cost; dedicated and VPS servers deliver strong baseline performance.","Standard Linux VPS; highly portable with no managed-service abstraction to escape.","Popular among European developers and cost-conscious teams; strong reputation for value.","2026-05-29","2026-09-27",{"tool_id":132,"name":133,"slug":134,"tooltip_description":135,"logo_url":136,"logo_bg":92,"pricing_model":137,"learning_curve_score":97,"popularity_score":111,"hosting_assignment_type":33,"hosting_provider_restriction":98,"hosting_target_restriction":98,"hosting_compatible_tool_ids":33,"parent_tool_id":33,"category":141,"subcategory":142,"categories":146,"subcategories":148,"flexibility_score":111,"performance_score":111,"portability_score":111,"is_featured":112,"tags":150,"score_reasonings":174,"published_date":129,"last_updated_date":130},166,"DigitalOcean","digitalocean","Developer-focused cloud platform offering VPS (Droplets), managed Kubernetes, App Platform PaaS, and managed databases. 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The control panel is clean, Droplets launch in under 60 seconds, and App Platform requires no infrastructure knowledge at all. Thousands of community tutorials lower the barrier for beginners.","Offers VPS, PaaS, and managed Kubernetes under one roof, covering most deployment patterns from simple static sites to complex microservices. Custom networking, firewalls, VPC peering, and a full API give teams significant control. Missing serverless functions and some niche managed services limit the ceiling slightly.","NVMe SSDs and dedicated vCPU Droplets deliver competitive single-tenant performance. The 99.99% uptime SLA holds in practice per benchmark studies. Lacks the global edge network density of Cloudflare or the ultra-low-latency primitives of AWS.","Consistently ranks in the top 5 cloud providers for developer and startup usage. Strong presence on StackOverflow, Reddit, and developer surveys. Over 600,000 active customers as of 2024. Widely used as a first production cloud by self-taught developers.","Standard Linux VMs and Docker\u002FKubernetes workloads migrate freely to any other cloud or bare metal. No proprietary runtime lock-in. Spaces is S3-compatible. App Platform lock-in is higher — migrating away requires containerizing or adapting the build pipeline.",{"tool_id":181,"name":182,"slug":183,"tooltip_description":184,"logo_url":185,"logo_bg":186,"pricing_model":187,"learning_curve_score":111,"popularity_score":39,"hosting_assignment_type":33,"hosting_provider_restriction":98,"hosting_target_restriction":98,"hosting_compatible_tool_ids":33,"parent_tool_id":33,"category":188,"subcategory":189,"categories":192,"subcategories":194,"flexibility_score":39,"performance_score":39,"portability_score":36,"is_featured":112,"tags":196,"score_reasonings":208,"published_date":129,"last_updated_date":130},50,"Amazon Web Services","aws","World's largest cloud platform with 200+ services. Market leader in infrastructure as a service (IaaS) and platform as a service (PaaS).","https:\u002F\u002Fassets.tekyous.dev\u002Flogos\u002Ftools\u002Faws.png","dark",{"slug":138,"display_name":139,"description":140},{"category_id":39,"name":100,"slug":101},{"subcategory_id":152,"name":190,"slug":191},"Cloud Providers","cloud-providers",[193],{"category_id":39,"name":100,"slug":101,"is_primary":3,"display_order":108},[195],{"subcategory_id":152,"name":190,"slug":191,"category_id":39,"is_primary":3,"display_order":108},[197,201,202,203,204],{"tag_id":198,"name":199,"slug":200,"tag_type":118},14,"Serverless","serverless",{"tag_id":161,"name":162,"slug":163,"tag_type":118},{"tag_id":120,"name":121,"slug":122,"tag_type":118},{"tag_id":166,"name":167,"slug":168,"tag_type":118},{"tag_id":205,"name":206,"slug":207,"tag_type":173},36,"CI\u002FCD","ci-cd",{"learning_curve":209,"flexibility":210,"performance":211,"portability":212,"popularity":213},"Vast service catalog; IAM, VPC, and networking alone can take months to master.","Hundreds of composable services with full IaC support; virtually unlimited architectural freedom.","Global infrastructure; EC2, Lambda, and CloudFront deliver performance at any scale.","Broad API surface and proprietary services create meaningful lock-in; migration is possible but costly.","Market-leading cloud provider; used by the majority of production deployments globally.",{"tool_id":215,"name":216,"slug":217,"tooltip_description":218,"logo_url":219,"logo_bg":186,"pricing_model":220,"learning_curve_score":36,"popularity_score":36,"hosting_assignment_type":33,"hosting_provider_restriction":98,"hosting_target_restriction":98,"hosting_compatible_tool_ids":33,"parent_tool_id":33,"category":221,"subcategory":222,"categories":223,"subcategories":225,"flexibility_score":39,"performance_score":39,"portability_score":36,"is_featured":112,"tags":227,"score_reasonings":237,"published_date":129,"last_updated_date":130},51,"Google Cloud Platform","gcp","Google's cloud platform with strong data, analytics, AI, and Kubernetes capabilities. The third-largest cloud provider, after AWS and Azure.","https:\u002F\u002Fassets.tekyous.dev\u002Flogos\u002Ftools\u002Fgcp.svg",{"slug":138,"display_name":139,"description":140},{"category_id":39,"name":100,"slug":101},{"subcategory_id":152,"name":190,"slug":191},[224],{"category_id":39,"name":100,"slug":101,"is_primary":3,"display_order":108},[226],{"subcategory_id":152,"name":190,"slug":191,"category_id":39,"is_primary":3,"display_order":108},[228,229,230,231,232,233],{"tag_id":157,"name":158,"slug":159,"tag_type":118},{"tag_id":198,"name":199,"slug":200,"tag_type":118},{"tag_id":161,"name":162,"slug":163,"tag_type":118},{"tag_id":120,"name":121,"slug":122,"tag_type":118},{"tag_id":166,"name":167,"slug":168,"tag_type":118},{"tag_id":234,"name":235,"slug":236,"tag_type":173},25,"Machine Learning","machine-learning",{"learning_curve":238,"flexibility":239,"performance":240,"portability":241,"popularity":242},"Slightly more approachable than AWS; BigQuery and Cloud Run have excellent documentation.","Deep service catalog; Cloud Run, GKE, and BigQuery combine freely for any architecture.","BigQuery's columnar engine handles petabyte queries in seconds; Cloud Run scales fast.","Similar to AWS; proprietary managed services create meaningful switching costs.","Strong in data and AI workloads; second or third cloud by market share in most segments.",{"tool_id":244,"name":245,"slug":246,"tooltip_description":247,"logo_url":248,"logo_bg":186,"pricing_model":249,"learning_curve_score":36,"popularity_score":111,"hosting_assignment_type":33,"hosting_provider_restriction":98,"hosting_target_restriction":98,"hosting_compatible_tool_ids":33,"parent_tool_id":33,"category":250,"subcategory":251,"categories":252,"subcategories":254,"flexibility_score":39,"performance_score":111,"portability_score":36,"is_featured":112,"tags":256,"score_reasonings":262,"published_date":129,"last_updated_date":130},54,"Microsoft Azure","azure","Microsoft's cloud platform with 200+ products and services. The second-largest cloud provider by revenue, after AWS.","https:\u002F\u002Fassets.tekyous.dev\u002Flogos\u002Ftools\u002Fazure.svg",{"slug":138,"display_name":139,"description":140},{"category_id":39,"name":100,"slug":101},{"subcategory_id":152,"name":190,"slug":191},[253],{"category_id":39,"name":100,"slug":101,"is_primary":3,"display_order":108},[255],{"subcategory_id":152,"name":190,"slug":191,"category_id":39,"is_primary":3,"display_order":108},[257,258,259,260,261],{"tag_id":198,"name":199,"slug":200,"tag_type":118},{"tag_id":161,"name":162,"slug":163,"tag_type":118},{"tag_id":120,"name":121,"slug":122,"tag_type":118},{"tag_id":166,"name":167,"slug":168,"tag_type":118},{"tag_id":205,"name":206,"slug":207,"tag_type":173},{"learning_curve":263,"performance":264,"portability":265,"flexibility":266,"popularity":267},"Familiar for Microsoft ecosystem teams; CLI and portal are well-documented.","Enterprise SLA with globally distributed data centers; some managed services have higher latency than GCP.","Similar to AWS and GCP; proprietary services create lock-in for enterprise workloads.","Enterprise service breadth; Active Directory, DevOps, and AI services compose extensively.","Dominant in enterprise environments; Microsoft ecosystem adoption drives broad corporate use.",{"hetzner":269,"digitalocean":270,"aws":271,"gcp":272,"azure":273},"Flat-rate cloud servers from around €4-5\u002Fmo each, on which you run a self-managed k3s cluster: a 4 GB server node plus one or two agents makes a real starter cluster for about €15\u002Fmo. Hetzner has no first-party managed Kubernetes, so the control plane, etcd backups, and upgrades are yours, or a third-party layer's.","Managed Kubernetes (DOKS) with a free control plane and worker nodes from about $12\u002Fmo each, so a two-node cluster starts near $24\u002Fmo; a highly available control plane adds $40\u002Fmo. The simplest managed option in the list, with its own container registry and load balancers in the same panel.","EKS charges $0.10 an hour per cluster, about $73\u002Fmo, before any worker nodes, and pairs with ECR for images and CloudWatch for logs. The most complete ecosystem and the most complex bill; it fits teams whose other services and data already live in AWS.","GKE waives the management fee for one zonal cluster, so a small cluster pays only for its nodes; regional or additional clusters cost $0.10 an hour each. GKE is often considered the most polished managed Kubernetes, and Autopilot mode removes node management entirely.","AKS's free tier charges nothing for the control plane, with the Standard tier ($0.10 an hour) adding an uptime SLA. The natural choice when the organization already runs on Azure or Microsoft Entra ID, since cluster access can ride the same identities.",{},{"kind":276,"slug":101,"name":100,"href":277},"category","\u002Ftools\u002Fcategories\u002Fhosting-cloud",{"tools":279,"descriptions":280,"aliases":281,"see_all":33},[],{},{},{"tools":283,"descriptions":284,"aliases":285,"see_all":33},[],{},{},{"tools":287,"descriptions":356,"aliases":359,"see_all":360},[288,326],{"tool_id":289,"name":290,"slug":291,"tooltip_description":292,"logo_url":293,"logo_bg":92,"pricing_model":294,"learning_curve_score":36,"popularity_score":39,"hosting_assignment_type":33,"hosting_provider_restriction":98,"hosting_target_restriction":98,"hosting_compatible_tool_ids":33,"parent_tool_id":33,"category":298,"subcategory":301,"categories":305,"subcategories":307,"flexibility_score":39,"performance_score":111,"portability_score":111,"is_featured":112,"tags":309,"score_reasonings":320,"published_date":129,"last_updated_date":130},164,"GitHub Actions","github-actions","GitHub's integrated CI\u002FCD platform that automates build, test, and deployment workflows using YAML-based configurations. Runs on GitHub-hosted or self-hosted runners with a rich marketplace of pre-built integrations.","https:\u002F\u002Fassets.tekyous.dev\u002Flogos\u002Ftools\u002Fgithub-actions.svg",{"slug":295,"display_name":296,"description":297},"freemium","Freemium","A free tier is available; additional features, usage limits, or managed hosting require a paid plan.",{"category_id":115,"name":299,"slug":300},"DevOps & CI\u002FCD","devops-cicd",{"subcategory_id":302,"name":303,"slug":304},34,"CI\u002FCD Pipelines","cicd-pipelines",[306],{"category_id":115,"name":299,"slug":300,"is_primary":3,"display_order":108},[308],{"subcategory_id":302,"name":303,"slug":304,"category_id":115,"is_primary":3,"display_order":108},[310,311,312,313,314,315],{"tag_id":157,"name":158,"slug":159,"tag_type":118},{"tag_id":115,"name":116,"slug":117,"tag_type":118},{"tag_id":152,"name":153,"slug":154,"tag_type":155},{"tag_id":205,"name":206,"slug":207,"tag_type":173},{"tag_id":166,"name":167,"slug":168,"tag_type":118},{"tag_id":316,"name":317,"slug":318,"tag_type":319},45,"Declarative","declarative","paradigm",{"flexibility":321,"learning_curve":322,"performance":323,"popularity":324,"portability":325},"Self-hosted runner support across any OS or cloud, custom labels, matrix builds, Kubernetes scaling via Actions Runner Controller, and a marketplace of thousands of community-built actions give teams virtually unlimited configuration options for any workflow or environment.","Basic single-job workflows are accessible to any developer comfortable with YAML, and GitHub's documentation lowers the barrier further. However, advanced patterns — composite actions, reusable workflows, OIDC-based cloud auth, and conditional matrix strategies — involve non-obvious syntax and a complex permission model that requires meaningful time to master.","The platform handles massive scale reliably, but GitHub-hosted runner performance can vary between runs, making consistent benchmarking difficult. Teams running on self-hosted or larger hosted runners achieve stable, high throughput; the managed offering trades predictable latency for zero infrastructure overhead.","GitHub Actions is the dominant CI\u002FCD platform with tens of millions of repositories using it, thousands of marketplace actions, and widespread enterprise adoption. It is cited as the most-used CI\u002FCD solution in multiple developer surveys.","Self-hosted runners can run on any cloud or on-premises infrastructure, and the YAML workflow model is readable and auditable. The main constraint is tight coupling to GitHub events and APIs — moving workflows to another CI\u002FCD platform requires meaningful rewriting rather than a simple lift-and-shift.",{"tool_id":327,"name":328,"slug":329,"tooltip_description":330,"logo_url":331,"logo_bg":92,"pricing_model":332,"learning_curve_score":36,"popularity_score":111,"hosting_assignment_type":33,"hosting_provider_restriction":98,"hosting_target_restriction":98,"hosting_compatible_tool_ids":33,"parent_tool_id":33,"category":333,"subcategory":334,"categories":335,"subcategories":337,"flexibility_score":39,"performance_score":36,"portability_score":36,"is_featured":112,"tags":339,"score_reasonings":350,"published_date":129,"last_updated_date":130},165,"GitLab CI\u002FCD","gitlab-cicd","GitLab's built-in CI\u002FCD system configured through .gitlab-ci.yml files stored in your repository. Supports both GitLab-hosted and self-hosted runners for flexible pipeline execution across diverse environments.","https:\u002F\u002Fassets.tekyous.dev\u002Flogos\u002Ftools\u002Fgitlab.svg",{"slug":295,"display_name":296,"description":297},{"category_id":115,"name":299,"slug":300},{"subcategory_id":302,"name":303,"slug":304},[336],{"category_id":115,"name":299,"slug":300,"is_primary":3,"display_order":108},[338],{"subcategory_id":302,"name":303,"slug":304,"category_id":115,"is_primary":3,"display_order":108},[340,341,342,343,344,348,349],{"tag_id":157,"name":158,"slug":159,"tag_type":118},{"tag_id":115,"name":116,"slug":117,"tag_type":118},{"tag_id":152,"name":153,"slug":154,"tag_type":155},{"tag_id":205,"name":206,"slug":207,"tag_type":173},{"tag_id":345,"name":346,"slug":347,"tag_type":118},11,"Open Source","open-source",{"tag_id":166,"name":167,"slug":168,"tag_type":118},{"tag_id":316,"name":317,"slug":318,"tag_type":319},{"learning_curve":351,"flexibility":352,"performance":353,"popularity":354,"portability":355},"The core .gitlab-ci.yml syntax is approachable for developers with YAML and Linux fundamentals, and GitLab's documentation is thorough. However, the platform's breadth — runner executors, pipeline inheritance, CI\u002FCD Catalog, merge trains, and security scanning configuration — creates a long tail of advanced concepts that teams discover gradually over months.","Multiple runner executor types (Docker, Kubernetes, Shell, machine), unlimited self-hosted runner capacity, parent-child pipelines, reusable CI\u002FCD Components, and the ability to self-host the entire platform give teams complete control over their pipeline environment and infrastructure.","Pipeline performance depends heavily on runner configuration and caching strategy. Shared GitLab-hosted runners can experience queue delays during peak periods, and Docker+machine executors add startup overhead. Teams running optimized self-hosted Kubernetes runners with effective caching achieve significantly faster pipelines, but the default shared experience is average for the CI\u002FCD category.","GitLab CI\u002FCD is used by over 100,000 organizations and is particularly strong among enterprises and security-conscious DevOps teams. It consistently ranks among the top CI\u002FCD platforms in developer surveys, though GitHub Actions has overtaken it in raw adoption volume — especially among open-source and smaller team segments.","GitLab CE is fully open source and self-hostable on any infrastructure, which is a strong portability advantage. 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This is the deployment and operations layer: it assumes you already have an app that builds into a container image, in any language, and provides the pipeline, orchestration, and observability to run it in production. Pair it with whichever project stack builds the app, and point this pipeline at that repository.",{"question":639,"answer":640},"Do I need Kubernetes, or is Docker Compose or a self-hosted PaaS enough?","For one server and a handful of services, Docker Compose is enough, and a self-hosted PaaS such as Coolify or Dokploy adds git-push deploys and HTTPS on top with far less to learn. Kubernetes earns its complexity once you run several nodes, need rolling zero-downtime deploys across them, want failed containers rescheduled automatically, or expect to scale services independently. Many teams start on a PaaS and move here when a second or third server arrives.",{"question":642,"answer":643},"What does each node need?","With k3s, the official floor is 2 cores and 2 GB of memory for a server node and 1 core and 512 MB for an agent, before any workloads; a 4 GB server node leaves room for your apps. A starter pool of two or three 2-4 GB nodes runs a typical app, its PostgreSQL, and Grafana. Use SSD storage, since etcd is write-intensive. CI jobs run on your provider's hosted runners unless you move runners onto the cluster, which then needs room for builds.",{"question":645,"answer":646},"Where does state live, and what needs backing up?","Three places. The cluster's own state lives in etcd (or k3s's embedded datastore) on the server nodes; a managed control plane backs this up for you, while self-managed k3s needs etcd snapshots. PostgreSQL and Grafana run as stateful workloads on persistent volumes, which need their own backups. Your manifests and pipeline definitions live in git, and images live in the git host's registry, so the cluster itself can be rebuilt from the repository.",{"question":648,"answer":649},"How do costs grow as the cluster grows?","Mostly with nodes. A self-managed k3s cluster on flat-rate servers starts around €15\u002Fmo for three small nodes and grows by one server's price at a time. Managed clusters add a control-plane fee on some clouds: EKS costs about $73\u002Fmo per cluster, GKE waives it for one zonal cluster, and AKS and DigitalOcean charge nothing on their base tiers. Past that, load balancers, persistent volumes, and egress add up, and CI minutes beyond the free allowance bill per minute.",{"summary":651,"starting_cost_label":652,"has_free_tier":3,"line_items":653},"Docker, Kubernetes, k3s, and Grafana are open source, and GitHub Actions and GitLab CI\u002FCD both include free CI minutes, so the cost is the infrastructure. A self-managed k3s cluster on flat-rate servers starts around €15\u002Fmo for three small nodes. A managed cluster on a major cloud typically runs $50-150\u002Fmo and up once nodes, load balancers, and any control-plane fee are counted. Sentry is free on sentry.io's Developer plan or needs its own server.","From ~$5\u002Fmo (self-hosted)",[654,658,662],{"label":655,"cost":656,"note":657},"Core tools","Free (open source)","Docker, Kubernetes, k3s, and Grafana are free; GitHub Actions includes 2,000 private-repo minutes a month and GitLab 400.",{"label":659,"cost":660,"note":661},"Cluster (self-managed nodes)","€15-40\u002Fmo","Self-managed k3s: a 2-core \u002F 4 GB server node plus agents of 2-4 GB each on flat-rate servers.",{"label":663,"cost":664,"note":665},"Cluster (managed control plane)","$50-150\u002Fmo+","Managed Kubernetes on a major cloud, once nodes, load balancers, and any control-plane fee are counted.",{"is_official":112,"source_url":33,"items":667,"notes":680},[668,671,674,677],{"label":669,"value":670},"Control plane","Self-managed k3s at 2 cores \u002F 4 GB per node (the official floor is 2 cores \u002F 2 GB before workloads), or a managed control plane on AWS\u002FGCP\u002FAzure or via a third-party layer like Cloudfleet on Hetzner",{"label":672,"value":673},"Worker nodes","A starter pool of 2-core, 2-4 GB nodes; the app, registry, and PostgreSQL are modest",{"label":675,"value":676},"Disk","SSD-backed volumes; k3s's own guidance, as etcd is write-intensive and SD cards or eMMC cannot take the IO load",{"label":678,"value":679},"CI compute","On your CI provider's hosted runners (GitHub Actions by default, or GitLab CI\u002FCD), not your nodes; self-hosted runners on the cluster are the alternative","k3s's official requirements set the per-node floors (server 2 cores \u002F 2 GB, agents 1 core \u002F 512 MB, workloads excluded; the profiling page shows roughly 1.6 GB steady-state with one workload). Hetzner has no first-party managed Kubernetes, so a managed control plane there means a third-party layer.",{"title":682,"description":683,"og_image":33,"canonical":684},"Kubernetes DevOps Pipeline: Tools, Pricing & How to Deploy | Tekyous","A production DevOps pipeline on Kubernetes, with a swappable CI\u002FCD engine (GitHub… Compare Kubernetes DevOps Pipeline tools, pricing & how to deploy on Tekyous.","https:\u002F\u002Ftekyous.dev\u002Fstacks\u002Fkubernetes-devops-pipeline",1790518865069]